Malcolm X was one of the twentieth century’s most gifted leaders and orators. He used his speeches critique American racism and to reeducate blacks regarding their identity (Africans in Americans), purpose (free themselves from racial oppression) and direction (serve as a revolutionary political and social force capable of building a more humane society). In...
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While Kwame Ture (Stokely Carmichael) is largely credited and associated with popularizing the call for Black Power, Malcolm X is truly the foundational figure for who gave voice and representation to concept and practice of Black Power. Building on the philosophy of Marcus Garvey and teaching of the Elijah Muhammad, Malcolm outlined contours of...
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The influence and impact of Malcolm X on the 1960s Freedom Struggle and America in general is beyond category and measure. Any lack appreciation of Malcolm X’s contribution to advancement of the Black Freedom Struggle and the radicalization of America is due in large measure to his powerful anti-establishment message and the instructiveness of...
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Surely, Martin Luther King had the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) in mind when he asserted: “I am convinced that the student movement that was taking place all over the South in 1960 was one of the most significant developments in the whole civil rights struggle. It was no overstatement to characterize these events...
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The freedom songs, lifted from the African American spirituals songs, helped to inspire and transform ordinary black people and their multiracial allies into a moral and social force, commonly known as the Civil Rights Movement. This movement, aided by the freedom songs, changed the structure and character of American society that may never be...
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The role and contribution of Marcus Garvey and the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) to development and cultivation of the Harlem Renaissance has been mainly confined to the political sphere. Yet, Garvey and the UNIA gave impetus and expanded the cultural atmosphere of the Harlem Renaissance movement which produced a flowering of African American...
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