Marcus Garvey Movement
Marcus Garvey led the first mass black movement of the 20th century. Through the establishment of the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), the Garvey Movement inspired African people to dream again, constantly reminding them that they had once been kings and queens and rulers of great nations, and would again be rulers of themselves and Africa.

Montgomery Bus Boycott
Sparked by the refusal of Rosa Parks to submit to the indignity of giving up her seat to a white man on the Montgomery Public Bus Company, a year-long boycott of the bus company was initiated by the black community. For almost a year, blacks in Montgomery Alabama stopped riding the public buses Instead, they walked or organized for car pools to take them wherever they wanted to go. In 1956, the United States Supreme Court upheld a lower court decision that declared Alabama laws requiring segregation on public transportation unconstitutional.

March on Washington
The March on Washington was an event bigger than life. The March united the American political establishment and citizenry behind the demands and goals of the civil rights movement. The brainchild of Asa Philip Randolph, the March on Washington mobilized over 250,000 people. This speech as well as the march would become a point of reference and a model for human rights struggle all over the world.

Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters
Founded by Asa Philip Randolph in 1925, the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters (BSCP), the first black trade union, won key labor victories for African Americans in securing better wages working hours. BSCP became and integral part of the fight for fair employment practices in other industries and helped bring black workers in the realm of labor.

Million Man March
In 1996, the largest gather of black men in the nation’s history gathered on the mall in Washington D. C. for a Day of Atonement and reconciliation. The event offered black men who attended a kind of public ritual that would allow them to repent for failing to care adequately for their families and their communities and to dedicate themselves to doing better.

Pan African Conference
Modern Pan-Africanism began around the beginning of the twentieth century. The African Association, later renamed the Pan African Association was organized by Henry Sylvester-Williams around 1887, and their first conference was held in 1900. The next several Pan-African meetings were organized by distinguished African American scholar W. E. B. Du Bois.